Host and Microbiome Genome-Wide Association Studies: Current State and Challenges

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Microbiology
• Human Genetics

Background:

• The human microbiome's role in health and disease is increasingly recognized.
• Microbiome genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) investigate the interplay between host genetics and microbial communities.
• Next-generation sequencing has enabled advanced studies of these complex host-microbiome interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent mGWAS studies on host-microbiome interactions.
• To identify and address the lack of diversity in mGWAS populations.
• To emphasize the importance of including diverse populations in future mGWAS research.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of published mGWAS studies.
• Analysis of population demographics in mGWAS research.
• Synthesis of findings on host genetic influences on the microbiome.

Main Results:

• mGWAS are a key tool for understanding host genetic effects on the microbiome.
• A significant disparity exists in the diversity of populations studied in mGWAS to date.
• Current mGWAS findings may not be generalizable across different ancestral groups.

Conclusions:

• Host genetics significantly shape the microbiome.
• There is a critical need to increase population diversity in mGWAS.
• Future mGWAS research must prioritize inclusivity for robust and generalizable insights into host-microbiome interactions.