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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Therapy for Autoimmune Disorders.

Sihong Song1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (Miami, Fla.)
|February 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein shows promise in treating autoimmune diseases by reducing inflammation. Studies indicate AAT can prevent and reverse type 1 diabetes and benefit other autoimmune conditions.

Keywords:
alpha-1 antitrypsinalpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencyautoimmunitychronic obstructive pulmonary diseaserheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus erythematosustype 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases involve an overactive immune system attacking the body's tissues, often driven by inflammation.
  • Current anti-inflammatory treatments for autoimmune diseases face challenges in long-term efficacy and side effects.
  • Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory protein with a favorable safety profile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic applications of Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms of action for AAT in treating various autoimmune conditions.
  • To highlight AAT's efficacy in preclinical models of autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AAT therapy in autoimmune disease models.
  • Analysis of studies using recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors for AAT gene transfer.
  • Examination of studies involving direct protein administration of AAT.

Main Results:

  • AAT gene transfer via rAAV prevented type 1 diabetes development in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.
  • AAT protein treatment demonstrated efficacy in preventing and reversing type 1 diabetes.
  • Beneficial effects of AAT were observed in preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Conclusions:

  • Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) presents a promising therapeutic candidate for autoimmune diseases due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
  • AAT has shown efficacy in both preventing and reversing autoimmune conditions like type 1 diabetes in preclinical studies.
  • Further research into AAT's mechanisms and clinical applications in autoimmune diseases is warranted.