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Copper hydride clusters in energy storage and conversion.

Rajendra S Dhayal1, Werner E van Zyl, C W Liu

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India. rajendra.dhayal@cup.edu.in.

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Copper hydride clusters offer a sustainable pathway for hydrogen storage and conversion. These materials also facilitate the conversion of carbon dioxide into formic acid, a valuable hydrogen carrier.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Hydrogen is a key clean energy carrier.
  • Efficient hydrogen storage materials are crucial for its widespread adoption.
  • Earth-abundant metals are preferred for sustainable energy solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of copper-derived hydride clusters for hydrogen storage and conversion.
  • To explore the reaction of CO2 with hydride sources to produce hydrogen carriers.
  • To highlight the synthesis and structural characterization of these clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of high-nuclearity hydride clusters using phosphine, N-heterocyclic carbene, and phosphor-1,1-dithiolate ligands.
  • Structural analysis using X-ray and neutron single crystal diffraction.
  • Investigation of hydrogen release mechanisms (solar irradiation, thermolysis, acid treatment).
  • Characterization of copper nanoparticle morphologies derived from clusters.

Main Results:

  • Stabilization of high-nuclearity copper hydride clusters with diverse ligands.
  • Determination of unprecedented cluster structures and hydride geometries.
  • Demonstration of hydrogen release via various stimuli.
  • Formation of rhombic nanoparticle copper morphologies from molecular clusters.

Conclusions:

  • Copper hydride clusters are promising for hydrogen storage and conversion.
  • These clusters can be converted into valuable hydrogen carriers like formic acid.
  • The study links molecular cluster structures to bulk material microstructures.