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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion
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Cell motility dependence on adhesive wetting.

Yuansheng Cao1, Richa Karmakar, Elisabeth Ghabache

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. rappel@physics.ucsd.edu.

Soft Matter
|February 7, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell adhesion and substrate interactions are key to cell movement. Increased cell adhesion leads to greater cell spreading and faster migration speeds, as confirmed by simulations and experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Cell-substrate interactions are fundamental to cell motility, providing traction.
  • Cell shape is influenced by adhesion, similar to liquid droplet wetting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cell shape changes due to adhesion affect cell migration and speed.
  • To model cell motility by varying adhesion and friction forces.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of deformable, 2D cell cross-sections.
  • Varying adhesion and frictional forces independently.
  • Analytical modeling of cell speed and internal stress.

Main Results:

  • Increased cell adhesion promotes cell spreading and enhances cell migration speed.
  • Cell speed is inversely proportional to effective cell height.
  • Higher effective cell height increases internal shear stress.

Conclusions:

  • Cell shape and adhesion dynamics significantly impact cell motility.
  • The findings provide insights into the biophysical mechanisms driving cell migration.
  • Numerical, analytical, and experimental results align, validating the model.