Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks
Published on: September 25, 2021
Distinguishing Characteristics of Corruption Risks in Iranian Construction Projects: A Weighted Correlation Network
M Reza Hosseini1, Igor Martek2, Saeed Banihashemi3
1School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. Reza.Hosseini@deakin.edu.au.
Abstract:
The construction industry consistently ranks amongst the highest contributors to global gross domestic product, as well as, amongst the most corrupt. Corruption therefore inflicts significant risk on construction activities, and overall economic development. These facts are widely known, but the various sources and nature of corruption risks endemic to the Iranian construction industry, along with the degree to which such risks manifest, and the strength of their impact, remain undescribed. To address the gap, a mixed methods approach is used; with a questionnaire, 103 responses were received, and these were followed up with semi-structured interviews. Results were processed using social network analysis. Four major corruption risks were identified: (1) procedural violations in awarding contracts, (2) misuse of contractual arrangements, (3) neglect of project management principles, and, (4) irrational decision making. While corruption risks in Iran align with those found in other countries, with funds being misappropriated for financial gain, Iran also shows a strong inclination to champion projects that serve the government's political agenda. Root cause identification of corruption risks, namely, the noticeable impact of authoritarianism on project selection in Iran, over criterion of economic benefit or social good, is a significant outcome of this study.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Correlations
Correlation and Causation
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
Fischer Projections
Characteristics of Life
Weighted Mean
For example, consider the number of goals scored in the matches of a tournament. While computing the average number of goals scored in the tournament, it may be more important to...
Protein Networks
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

