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Related Concept Videos

Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - I00:49

Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - I

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A rigid body is said to be in static equilibrium when the net force and the net torque acting on the system is equal to zero. To solve for rigid body equilibrium problems, do the following steps.
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Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - II01:21

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A rigid body is in static equilibrium when the net force and the net torque acting on the system are equal to zero.
Consider two children sitting on a seesaw, which has negligible mass. The first child has a mass (m1) of 26 kg and sits at point A, which is 1.6 meters (r1) from the pivot point B; the second child has a mass (m2) of 32 kg and sits at point C. How far from the pivot point B should the second child sit (r2) to balance the seesaw?
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Angular Momentum: Rigid Body01:11

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The total angular momentum of a rigid body can be calculated using the summation of the angular momentum of all the tiny particles rotating in the same plane. Considering all the tiny particles rotating in the x-y plane, the direction of angular momentum of all such particles and that of the rigid body would be perpendicular to the plane of the rotation along the z-axis.
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Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies01:06

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Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
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Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body01:13

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Imagine a solid object involved in a general planar movement, with its center of mass pinpointed at a spot labeled G. The object's kinetic energy relative to an arbitrary point A can be quantified for each of its particles - the ith particle in this case. This measurement is achieved through the employment of the relative velocity definition. The position vector, known as rA, extends from point A to the mass element i.
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Equation of Motion for a Rigid Body01:12

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The movement of a rigid object can be understood through the equations that explain both translational and rotational motion about the center of mass of the object, point G. This center of mass is the point where the equation of motion for translational motion comes into play, as per Newton's Second Law.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: Eco-Friendly Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Polyol-Based Microwave-Assisted Techniques
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Development of High-Performance Biodegradable Rigid Polyurethane Foams Using Full Modified Soy-Based Polyols.

Zheng Fang, Chuanhong Qiu, Dong Ji1

  • 1Yangzi Petrochemical Company Ltd. , SINOPEC , Nanjing 210048 , P.R. China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|February 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF-M) from modified soy-based polyols, offering a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based materials. This biobased foam exhibits superior properties compared to traditional RPUF-B.

Keywords:
microflow systemrigid polyurethane foamsoy-polyol

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Growing environmental concerns and fossil fuel depletion necessitate sustainable biomaterial alternatives.
  • Traditional rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) often rely on petroleum-based polyols, posing environmental challenges.
  • Soy-based polyols offer a renewable resource for developing eco-friendly polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel, fully modified soy-based polyol (Bio-polyol-M) for creating biodegradable and environmentally friendly rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF-M).
  • To investigate the synthesis of Bio-polyol-M using a continuous microflow system and compare its properties with a batch-synthesized counterpart (Bio-polyol-B).
  • To evaluate the performance advantages of RPUF-M derived from Bio-polyol-M over RPUF-B derived from Bio-polyol-B.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and synthesized a novel biobased polyurethane polyol (Bio-polyol-M) from epoxidized soybean oil and a polyhydroxy compound.
  • Utilized a three-step continuous microflow system for epoxidation of soybean oil, synthesis of GLPO (glycerine with styrene oxide), and ring-opening reaction.
  • Synthesized a comparative soy-polyol (Bio-polyol-B) in batch mode for property comparison.

Main Results:

  • Bio-polyol-M exhibited a higher hydroxyl number and significantly lower viscosity compared to Bio-polyol-B.
  • The continuous microflow synthesis resulted in a more efficient and potentially scalable production of the biobased polyol.
  • Rigid polyurethane foam derived from Bio-polyol-M (RPUF-M) demonstrated superior properties compared to the foam derived from Bio-polyol-B (RPUF-B).

Conclusions:

  • A novel, high-performance biobased polyol (Bio-polyol-M) was successfully synthesized using a continuous microflow system, offering a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based polyols.
  • The developed RPUF-M represents a promising biodegradable and environmentally friendly rigid polyurethane foam with enhanced characteristics.
  • This research contributes to the development of sustainable materials, addressing the demand for eco-conscious alternatives in the polymer industry.