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Cardiometabolic diseases
Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira1, Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto Filho1, Maria Lúcia Lebrão1
1Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
Insights
Cardiometabolic diseases like hypertension and diabetes are highly prevalent, increasing over time in the São Paulo SABE study. Elevated BMI is linked to higher risks, suggesting adiposity contributes to these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiometabolic diseases are a leading cause of mortality globally.
- The Health, Well-being and Aging (SABE) study in São Paulo tracks health trends in an aging population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the self-reported prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) across three waves (2000, 2006, 2010) of the SABE study.
- To analyze the associations between these cardiometabolic diseases and selected risk factors.
Main Methods:
- The study utilized logistic regression models to analyze self-reported health data.
- Prevalence rates and associations with risk factors were assessed across three distinct study waves.
Main Results:
- Prevalence of hypertension, DM, and CVD generally increased from 2000 to 2010, with CVD rates stabilizing post-2006.
- Women, individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) > 27 kg/m², and ex-smokers showed consistently higher risks for hypertension.
- Elevated BMI was associated with higher DM probability, while ex-smokers had increased risks for CVD across all waves.
Conclusions:
- Self-reported DM, hypertension, and CVD exhibit high prevalence in the São Paulo SABE study cohort.
- Elevated body adiposity, indicated by BMI, appears to be a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases.
- Increasing disease rates may reflect improved diagnostics and mortality control, rather than solely disease incidence.
Introduction:
Cardiometabolic diseases are prevalent in populations and are among the leading causes of death. Objective: This sub-study of the Health, Well-being and Aging (SABE) study describes the self-reported prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) for its three waves (2000, 2006, and 2010). It also analyses the associations with selected risk factors.
Methods:
Logistic regression models were performed.
Results:
Predominance of women and average age (68 years) were maintained in all the waves. During the period, there was a general tendency of increasing prevalence of hypertension (53.1 to 66.7%), DM (16.7 to 25.0%), and CVD (23.0 to 27.2%); and stabilization of the CVD prevalence rate occurred only from 2006 to 2010. Women, with body mass index (BMI) > 27 kg/m2, and ex-smokers had consistently higher risk of self-reported hypertension across the three waves. BMI >27kg/m2 was also associated with a higher probability of DM in the three waves, whereas with ex-smokers this occurred only in 2010. Ex-smokers presented higher risk of CVD in all the waves, but not excess weight. Wave pairs were analyzed to test changes in prevalence, and it was found a significant increase in diseases rates across the years.
Conclusion:
In summary, self-reported DM, hypertension, and CVD had high prevalence rates for participants of SABE Study, in São Paulo. The association of elevated BMI with cardiometabolic diseases suggests that body adiposity might favor their occurrence, although the study design does not guarantee a cause and effect relationship. Increased rates of affected individuals from the first to the third wave may reflect improvement in diagnostic conditions and/or control of these diseases' mortality during that period.
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