[Pre-extensively drug-resistant congenital tuberculosis: case report]

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Infectious Diseases
• Neonatology

Background:

• Congenital tuberculosis presents diagnostic challenges in infants due to non-specific symptoms and often negative standard test results.
• Identifying the source of transmission in infant tuberculosis cases can be difficult.

Observation:

• A one-month-old infant presented with irritability, tachypnea, fever, poor weight gain, and hepatomegaly.
• The infant's mother had a history of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and placental findings indicative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Findings:

• The infant was diagnosed with suspected congenital tuberculosis based on clinical signs and maternal history.
• Treatment resulted in a favorable clinical evolution and no adverse reactions.

Implications:

• Congenital tuberculosis diagnosis should be considered in infants presenting with suggestive clinical signs.
• A maternal history of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection warrants maintaining a high index of suspicion for congenital tuberculosis.