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Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

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First Report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 Infecting Grapevines in India.

S Kumar¹, S D Sawant², I S Sawant²

¹Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.

|February 8, 2019

Summary

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) has been detected in India for the first time, impacting grape production. This study confirms the presence of GLRaV-1 in western India, highlighting the need for further management strategies.

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Area of Science:

Plant Pathology
Virology
Horticulture

Background:

Viticulture in India faces significant losses due to grapevine leafroll disease.
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and GLRaV-1 are the primary viral agents responsible for this disease.
GLRaV-3 was previously identified in India, but GLRaV-1's presence remained unconfirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and genetic characteristics of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses in western India.
To confirm the detection of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) in Indian grapevines.
To provide molecular data on GLRaV-1 isolates from India.

Main Methods:

Field surveys were conducted in Nashik and Pune regions to identify symptomatic grapevines.
Double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA was used for initial detection of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3.
One-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with specific primers was employed for confirmation, followed by sequencing and comparative analysis.

Main Results:

GLRaV-1 was detected in two cultivars, Shiraj and Pinot Noir, in the Nashik and Pune regions, respectively.
GLRaV-1 was found alone in Pinot Noir and as a mixed infection with GLRaV-3 in Shiraj.
Sequence analysis revealed high nucleotide (95.8-96.1%) and amino acid (96.1-96.6%) identity with a US isolate of GLRaV-1.

Conclusions:

This study provides the first confirmed report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) in India.
The presence of GLRaV-1 poses a potential threat to India's grape production.
Molecular characterization confirms the genetic similarity of Indian isolates to international strains.