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Human Disease Modelling Techniques: Current Progress
Victor Yu Glanz1, Alexander N Orekhov2,3,4, Alexey V Deykin4
1Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya square 1, 394018, Voronezh, Russian Federation.
Genetic engineering advances enable sophisticated animal models for human diseases. However, physiological and genetic differences limit their direct clinical application, highlighting the need for improved models.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Genomics
- Translational Medicine
Background:
- Genetic engineering and genomic studies have enabled the creation of animal models for various human diseases.
- Existing models cover significant conditions like cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative/metabolic diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review modern techniques for creating genetically engineered animal models.
- To discuss the utility and limitations of these models in disease research.
Main Methods:
- Review of current genetic engineering technologies.
- Analysis of methods for gene manipulation (upregulation, downregulation, mutation introduction).
Main Results:
- Genetically engineered animal models offer precise genetic modifications.
- Significant differences between animal and human physiology and genetics present challenges.
- Reproducing complex disease conditions in animal models remains difficult.
Conclusions:
- Genetically engineered animal models are valuable tools for studying human diseases.
- Limitations necessitate careful consideration and ongoing refinement for effective clinical translation.
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