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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
Published on: January 29, 2020
Emerging Roles of Carotenoids in the Survival and Adaptations of Microbes
Ramesh Kumar Saini1,2, Iyyakkannu Sivanesan1, Young-Soo Keum2
11Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Carotenoids belong to the widespread group of lipophilic tetraterpenoids that play essential roles in plants, microbes, and animals. In photosynthetic microalgae and cyanobacteria, carotenoids are the fundamental components of photosynthesis and protect these organisms from excess radiations, and oxidative stress. Also, polar xanthophyll carotenoids are well known to regulate the biophysical properties of cellular membranes with respect to corresponding changes in temperature. In Zygomycetes fungi, carotenoids-derived trisporoids play crucial roles in early sexual reproduction and mycelial development. Considering these multifaceted roles, carotenoids are widely researched on. In this article, we highlighted the emerging roles of carotenoids in the survival and adaptations of microalgae, bacteria, and fungi under normal as well as extreme environmental conditions.
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