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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Cardiovascular Changes Due to Dental Anxiety During Local Anesthesia Injection for Extraction.

Ashish Sharma1, Rudraksh Pant2, Sameer Priyadarshi3

  • 11Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh India.

Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery
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Summary

Dental anxiety significantly impacts cardiovascular responses in Indian patients undergoing local anesthesia for tooth extraction. Increased heart rate and blood pressure were observed, highlighting the need for anxiety management.

Keywords:
AnxietyCardiovascular changesLocal anesthetic

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Dental Anesthesia
  • Psychosomatic Medicine

Background:

  • Dental anxiety is a common issue affecting patient experience.
  • Local anesthesia administration can induce physiological stress.
  • Understanding cardiovascular responses to anxiety is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cardiovascular changes associated with dental anxiety.
  • To assess the impact of local anesthesia injection on cardiovascular parameters.
  • To investigate these effects in the Indian population.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 100 Indian male patients.
  • Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) used for anxiety measurement.
  • Cardiovascular parameters (BP, HR, SpO2, ECG) monitored pre- and post-anesthesia.

Main Results:

  • Severe preoperative anxiety (DAS > 12) correlated with increased heart rate and blood pressure.
  • Significant electrocardiographic (ECG) changes noted during and after anesthesia.
  • Younger age was associated with higher anxiety scores.
  • Pain during injection also elevated heart rate and blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Dental anxiety induces significant cardiovascular changes during local anesthesia for tooth extraction.
  • These findings are relevant to the Indian population.
  • Anxiety management strategies may be beneficial for mitigating these physiological responses.