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Mitochondrial function in normal and genetically altered cells and tissues.

B Chance1, R A Waterland, A Tanaka

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
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This study introduces noninvasive optical and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P MRS) to assess oxidative metabolism. These methods quantify respiratory chain deficiencies in human tissues and yeast cells.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Respiration
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Understanding oxidative metabolism's role in health and disease is limited due to challenges in studying altered oxidases.
  • Isolating and analyzing systems with modified oxidases is difficult, often resulting in low yields or ineffective enzyme assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply noninvasive, nondestructive spectroscopic techniques to study cytochrome oxidase and respiratory chain function.
  • To analyze oxidative metabolism in human subjects and isolated yeast cell mutants with varied subunit content.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized near-infrared optical spectroscopy for analyzing oxygen delivery and utilization in tissues and cells.
  • Employed phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P MRS) for assessing ATP generation efficiency and metabolic rates.

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  • Applied both techniques to human subjects (brain, muscle) and yeast cell suspensions (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

    • Main Results:

    • Optical spectroscopy effectively measured hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome oxidase function.
    • P MRS provided insights into phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratios (PCr/Pi), indicating ATP generation efficiency.
    • Combined methods allowed quantification of oxidative metabolism velocity (V) relative to maximum capacity (Vm), considering regulatory factors.

    Conclusions:

    • The combined spectroscopic approach offers a unique overview of mitochondrial functionality in cells and tissues.
    • This methodology enables precise quantification of deficiencies within the respiratory chain components.
    • The techniques are valuable for studying both human physiology and cellular models of metabolic dysfunction.