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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations01:25

Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations

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Traverse angle computations are a critical component of surveying, used to compute the internal angles within a closed traverse. A traverse consists of a series of connected lines forming a closed loop, often used for land boundary delineation or mapping. Calculating the internal angles ensures accuracy in the traverse geometry and is essential for checking survey data integrity.The process begins with known azimuths and bearings of the traverse sides. Internal angles at each vertex are...
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Area Computation by the Alternative Coordinate Method01:24

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The alternative coordinate method, also known as the Shoelace Formula, is a technique for determining the area of a traverse using Cartesian coordinates. This method relies on the sequential arrangement of x and y coordinates for each point of the shape, ensuring accuracy and ease of application.In this approach, each corner's x and y coordinates are listed as fractions, with the x-coordinate as the numerator and the y-coordinate as the denominator. These coordinates are arranged sequentially...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Measurements by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Rodents.

Jürg Andreas Gasser1, Johannes Willnecker2

  • 1Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. juerg.gasser@novartis.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) can assess bone density and geometry in rodents. This guide details in vivo study design, settings, and interpretation, including muscle and fat analysis from bone scans.

Keywords:
Bone mineral densityBone structureIn vivo computed tomographyMouseRat

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Preclinical Research
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is a valuable tool for preclinical bone research.
  • Standardized protocols are essential for reliable in vivo rodent bone analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide comprehensive guidance on the in vivo application of pQCT in rats and mice.
  • To detail methods for assessing bone density and cortical geometry using pQCT.
  • To offer instructions for extracting muscle and fat cross-sectional area data from pQCT scans.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo study design considerations for rodent pQCT.
  • Optimal instrument settings for high-resolution bone imaging.
  • Data interpretation strategies for bone, muscle, and fat parameters.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols for acquiring bone density and geometric data.
  • Methodology for quantifying cross-sectional areas of bone, muscle, and fat.
  • Guidance on interpreting results for comprehensive in vivo analysis.

Conclusions:

  • pQCT enables detailed in vivo assessment of bone and soft tissue composition in rodents.
  • Standardized methods ensure accurate and reproducible preclinical research outcomes.
  • This chapter serves as a practical resource for researchers utilizing pQCT in rodent models.