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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Acupuncture in a Rat Model of Asthma
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[Does extrinsic asthma exist?].

J Germouty1, B Eichler, B Melloni

  • 1Service de Pathologie Respiratoire et d'Allergologie, Hôpital du Cluzeau Chu, Limoges.

Allergie Et Immunologie
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asthma requires pathological bronchial hyper-reactivity, not solely external or internal factors. This condition defines asthma as a bronchospasmodic crisis linked to this hyper-reactivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Allergology

Context:

  • Asthma pathogenesis is complex, involving both external triggers and intrinsic factors.
  • Existing definitions of asthma are considered semi-logical and require refinement.
  • Pathological bronchial hyper-reactivity is a crucial, consistent element in asthma development.

Purpose:

  • To propose a new, more accurate definition of asthma.
  • To emphasize the central role of bronchial hyper-reactivity in asthma.
  • To differentiate asthma from conditions solely caused by allergies or intrinsic factors.

Summary:

  • Asthma development is not exclusively driven by external factors like allergies or intrinsic factors like metabolic issues.
  • The persistent feature across all asthma cases is pathological bronchial hyper-reactivity.
  • A proposed definition frames asthma as a dyspnoeic bronchospasmodic crisis associated with pathological bronchial hyper-reactivity.

Impact:

  • This new definition may improve asthma diagnosis and understanding.
  • It highlights bronchial hyper-reactivity as a key therapeutic target.
  • Provides a clearer conceptual framework for asthma research and clinical practice.