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Dosage Compensation02:50

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In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Testing Visual Sensitivity to the Speed and Direction of Motion in Lizards
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Highly Sensitive and Large-Range Strain Sensor with a Self-Compensated Two-Order Structure for Human Motion

Jianhua Ma1, Peng Wang1, Hongyu Chen2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel two-order structure strategy enhances strain sensor sensitivity and working range. This flexible sensor, made with 3D-printed conductive composites, accurately monitors various human motions.

Keywords:
3D printinggraphenehuman motion detectionstrain sensortwo-order structure

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Flexible, high-sensitivity strain sensors are crucial for applications like human health monitoring.
  • Existing sensors often struggle with a limited working range and sensitivity trade-offs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a self-compensated two-order structure strategy for enhancing strain sensor sensitivity and working range.
  • To create highly stretchable, conductive polymer composite strain sensors using 3D printing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three-dimensional (3D) printing to fabricate stretchable, conductive polymer composite open meshes.
  • Incorporated a self-compensated two-order structure with a graphene percolation network and a graphene coating layer.
  • Investigated the conductive path compensation mechanism at large strains.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 20-fold increase in sensitivity at strains below 20% compared to non-two-order structures.
  • Demonstrated high gauge factors ranging from 18.5 to 88,443 over a wide strain range of 0-350%.
  • Successfully monitored diverse human motions, including pulse, acoustic vibrations, breathing, and arm bending.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed two-order structure strategy effectively enhances strain sensor performance, offering high sensitivity and a broad working range.
  • The developed 3D-printed sensor exhibits excellent potential for real-time, non-invasive human health monitoring.