Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

1.2K
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
1.2K
Correlations02:20

Correlations

35.9K
Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
35.9K
Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

33.8K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
33.8K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

35.6K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
35.6K
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

10.5K
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, pH calculations are primarily based on the concentration of residual hydronium or hydroxide ions. Initially, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid fully dissociates, creating hydronium and chloride ions, resulting in a low pH. The addition of a strong base like sodium hydroxide alters the concentration of hydronium ions by neutralizing them. As more base is added, the pH gradually increases. At the equivalence point, all hydronium ions...
10.5K
Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

42.5K
Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
42.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neurometabolites and Antipsychotic Response in Psychosis: A Mega-Analysis.

JAMA psychiatry·2026
Same author

Using AI to Detect Psychosis Relapse: Scoping Review.

JMIR mental health·2026
Same author

Predicting changes in depressive symptomatology following oral esketamine treatment in treatment-resistant depression: A machine-learning approach.

Journal of psychiatric research·2026
Same author

Feasibility of diagnosing major depressive disorder with a panel of serum and urine biomarkers.

BJPsych open·2026
Same author

Beyond the Need for Speed: D2 Receptor Affinity Predicts Relapse after Antipsychotic Tapering in First Episode Psychosis.

Schizophrenia bulletin·2026
Same author

The functional relevance of a short assessment of formal thought disorder in psychosis.

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science·2026
Same journal

[Improving mobility in painful osteoarthritis].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[The effectiveness and costs of the Back At work After Surgery (BAAS) work-integrated care pathway on return to work for patients receiving knee arthroplasty].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[The rise of genetic therapies: urgent moral and societal questions].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[A man with a wound on his elbow].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[Employment of safety net enclosures].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same journal

[The power of a neurodiversity perspective; demedicalizing mental health support].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

10.2K

[Strong genetic correlation between mental disorders].

Iris E Sommer1,2, Robert A Schoevers3

  • 1Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, afd. Neurowetenschappen, UMCG.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|February 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mental disorders share overlapping genetic backgrounds, unlike neurological conditions. Future biomarker research should focus on common vulnerabilities to prevent psychiatric illnesses.

More Related Videos

Correlative Light- and Electron Microscopy Using Quantum Dot Nanoparticles
11:16

Correlative Light- and Electron Microscopy Using Quantum Dot Nanoparticles

Published on: August 7, 2016

10.2K
Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

10.2K
Correlative Light- and Electron Microscopy Using Quantum Dot Nanoparticles
11:16

Correlative Light- and Electron Microscopy Using Quantum Dot Nanoparticles

Published on: August 7, 2016

10.2K
Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Psychiatric diagnoses are often complex, with patients receiving multiple diagnoses that can change over time.
  • The lack of reliable biomarkers hinders differential diagnosis in psychiatry, contrasting with neurology where biomarkers are established.
  • Previous research has not yielded effective biomarkers for psychiatric differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic underpinnings of mental and neurological disorders.
  • To understand the reasons for the disparity in biomarker availability between psychiatry and neurology.
  • To guide future biomarker research in psychiatry.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genome-wide data from the BrainSTORM consortium (published in Science, 2018).
  • Comparative analysis of genetic backgrounds for mental versus neurological disorders.

Main Results:

  • Mental disorders exhibit largely overlapping genetic backgrounds.
  • Neurological disorders do not share the same degree of overlapping genetic backgrounds.
  • This suggests a common substrate or vulnerability for mental disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The similar genetic architecture of mental disorders supports a generalized approach to biomarker discovery.
  • Investigating common vulnerabilities can lead to early interventions and prevention strategies for psychiatric conditions.
  • Future research should focus on identifying shared risk factors across mental illnesses rather than disorder-specific ones.