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Incidence of Toxic and Other Mold Species and Genera in Soybeans

Philip B Mislivec1, Verneal R Bruce1

  • 1Division of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204.

Journal of Food Protection
|February 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Soybean mold contamination is widespread, primarily on the surface but also internally. Key mold species like Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified, including toxicogenic varieties.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Mycology
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Soybeans are a globally significant agricultural commodity.
  • Mold contamination can impact soybean quality, safety, and yield.
  • Understanding mold flora is crucial for food safety and storage practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the mold flora of unprocessed soybeans.
  • To differentiate between surface and internal mold contamination.
  • To identify the prevalence of toxicogenic mold species in soybeans.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mold flora in 385 unprocessed soybean samples.
  • Comparison of mold presence before and after surface disinfection with 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).
  • Identification of dominant and toxicogenic mold species.

Main Results:

  • Molds were detected in 99.4% of non-disinfected and 52.8% of disinfected soybeans.
  • Contamination was predominantly superficial, but significant internal invasion was also noted.
  • Dominant genera included Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Cladosporium, with several toxicogenic species identified.

Conclusions:

  • Soybean mold contamination is extensive, with a significant portion residing on the surface.
  • The presence of toxicogenic molds like Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium viridicatum poses potential risks.
  • Effective surface disinfection is important for reducing mold load, though internal contamination remains a concern.

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