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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor
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Developments in understanding bile acid metabolism.

Kohkichi Morimoto1, Hiroshi Itoh1,2, Mitsuhiro Watanabe1,2

  • 1a Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

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Summary

Bile acids (BAs) are crucial signaling molecules impacting lipid absorption and regulating metabolism through MAPK, FXR, and TGR5 pathways. Understanding these pathways offers therapeutic potential for metabolic syndrome.

Keywords:
TGR5/M-BARbile acidbile acid binding resinfarnesoid X receptorglucose metabolism • incretinlipid metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Bile acids (BAs) facilitate dietary lipid and vitamin absorption.
  • BAs act as critical signaling molecules with diverse biophysiological effects.
  • BAs are involved in regulating their own homeostasis and various metabolic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the signaling pathways targeted by bile acids.
  • To explore the role of bile acids in metabolic regulation.
  • To identify bile acids and their signaling mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets for diseases like metabolic syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of signaling pathways modulated by bile acids, including MAPK, FXR, and TGR5.
  • Analysis of bile acid regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
  • Investigation of bile acid effects on energy expenditure and immunity.

Main Results:

  • Bile acids target major signaling pathways: MAPK, farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXR), and G protein-coupled receptor TGR5/M-BAR.
  • Bile acids regulate their own homeostasis through these identified signaling pathways.
  • Bile acids influence diverse metabolic functions, including glucose and lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, and immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Bile acids are multifaceted signaling molecules with significant roles in metabolic homeostasis.
  • The identified signaling pathways provide insights into the complex actions of bile acids.
  • Bile acids and their signaling pathways represent promising therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome and related disorders.