Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

504
Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
504
Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

17.8K
A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
17.8K
Graphs of Equations in Two Variables01:30

Graphs of Equations in Two Variables

237
An equation with two variables, typically written in the form y = f(x) or Ax + By = C, describes a relationship between quantities represented by x and y. Each solution to such an equation is an ordered pair (x, y) that satisfies the equation when substituted. These pairs can be represented graphically to understand the variables' relationship visually.A common technique for constructing the graph of a two-variable equation is to create a value table. Begin by choosing several values for the...
237
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence01:26

Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

1.5K
Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
1.5K
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

21.0K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
21.0K
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

64.7K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
64.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Knockout of <i>MLO3</i> Confers Enhanced Resistance to Reniform Nematode in Upland Cotton.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Genome survey sequencing of the phyto-parasitic nematode <i>Hoplolaimus galeatus</i>.

PeerJ·2022
Same author

First report of Seville root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne hispanica</i> (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) in the USA and North America.

Journal of nematology·2021
Same author

Classification Methods and Identification of Reniform Nematode Resistance in Known Soybean Cyst Nematode-Resistant Soybean Genotypes.

Plant disease·2021
Same author

Observations on the Population Genetic Structure of the Leaf Galling Nematode, <i>Ditylenchus gallaeformans</i>.

Phytopathology·2021
Same author

First report of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> pathogenic on hybrid lavender (<i>Lavandula</i> ×<i>intermedia</i>) in the United States.

Plant disease·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Automated Separation of C. elegans Variably Colonized by a Bacterial Pathogen
11:18

Automated Separation of C. elegans Variably Colonized by a Bacterial Pathogen

Published on: March 21, 2014

9.0K

Genetic Variability of Rotylenchulus reniformis.

Megan Leach1, Paula Agudelo1, Amy Lawton-Rauh2

  • 1Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634.

Plant Disease
|February 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic analysis of the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) reveals significant population structure and inbreeding. Parthenogenetic isolates from Japan may represent a distinct species.

More Related Videos

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

8.0K
Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis
09:03

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis

Published on: October 23, 2013

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Automated Separation of C. elegans Variably Colonized by a Bacterial Pathogen
11:18

Automated Separation of C. elegans Variably Colonized by a Bacterial Pathogen

Published on: March 21, 2014

9.0K
A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

8.0K
Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis
09:03

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis

Published on: October 23, 2013

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Nematology
  • Population Genetics
  • Molecular Ecology

Background:

  • Rotylenchulus reniformis, the reniform nematode, is a significant agricultural pest, particularly affecting cotton crops.
  • Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of this nematode is crucial for effective pest management strategies.
  • Previous studies have indicated potential variations within R. reniformis populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize polymorphic microsatellite markers for R. reniformis.
  • To assess the genetic variation and population structure of R. reniformis isolates from diverse geographic locations.
  • To investigate the genetic distinctiveness of parthenogenetic isolates from Japan.

Main Methods:

  • Development and optimization of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci.
  • Genotyping of 160 individual reniform nematodes from the USA, Colombia, and Japan, plus Rotylenchulus parvus.
  • Analysis of genetic variation using Hardy-Weinberg proportions, FIS, FST, UPGMA clustering, and STRUCTURE analysis.

Main Results:

  • No significant gametic disequilibrium was detected; most loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg proportions.
  • A high level of inbreeding (positive FIS) was observed across all 10 loci.
  • Significant genotypic and genetic differentiation (FST) was found among most isolate locations.
  • Parthenogenetic isolates from Japan showed consistent differentiation, appearing basal in UPGMA clustering and distinct in STRUCTURE analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The genetic data support the hypothesis that parthenogenetic isolates from Japan may constitute a separate species.
  • The developed microsatellite loci provide a foundation for further population structure and genetic variation studies in R. reniformis.
  • These findings contribute to a better understanding of genetic connectivity and differentiation in this undercharacterized nematode pest.