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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Metrology
    • 3D Measurement Techniques
    • Computational Imaging

    Background:

    • Circular fringe projection profilometry (CFPP) is a novel optical 3D measurement method.
    • CFPP theoretically offers high accuracy but is practically limited by factors like the zero-phase point.
    • Coaxial CFPP suffers from amplified errors near the zero-phase point, reducing overall measurement accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and theoretically explain off-axis circular fringe projection profilometry (OCFPP).
    • To address the critical issue of zero-phase point detection in OCFPP.
    • To improve the 3D measurement capability and practical applicability of CFPP.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of OCFPP with an off-axis layout.
    • Identification and explanation of the zero-phase point detection problem in OCFPP.
    • Proposal of two novel methods for zero-phase point detection: one using a 2D ruler and another using plane constraints.

    Main Results:

    • Simulation and experimental validation confirm the effectiveness of the proposed zero-phase point detection methods.
    • The off-axis layout significantly mitigates the accuracy degradation caused by zero-phase point errors.
    • OCFPP demonstrates a distinct advantage over coaxial CFPP in terms of measurement accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • OCFPP effectively overcomes the limitations of coaxial CFPP, particularly concerning zero-phase point errors.
    • The proposed detection methods provide a robust solution for accurate 3D measurements using OCFPP.
    • This work lays a foundation for the practical application of advanced optical 3D measurement techniques.