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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Semiconductor Lasers

    Background:

    • Terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs) are crucial for various applications.
    • Understanding their nonlinear dynamics under optical injection is essential for array development.
    • Phase-locking in coupled THz QCLs is a key area of research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically investigate the phase-locking, noise, and modulation characteristics of two mutually injected THz QCLs.
    • To analyze the dynamic behaviors and spectral properties of THz QCLs under varying optical injection conditions.
    • To provide insights into the development of THz QCL phase-locked arrays.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of two face-to-face optically mutual-injected THz QCLs.
    • Simulation of laser dynamics across different phase-locking ranges and injection strengths.
    • Investigation of spontaneous emission noise and modulation response.

    Main Results:

    • Phase-locking results in stationary states at a single frequency.
    • Outside the phase-locking range, oscillations in amplitude and frequency are observed, with discrete spectral peaks.
    • Spontaneous emission noise is higher in phase-locked THz QCLs compared to free-running operation.
    • Mutual injection can introduce additional modulation peaks in the noise spectrum.
    • Modulation bandwidth and phase difference are sensitive to modulation parameters.

    Conclusions:

    • The study elucidates the complex nonlinear dynamics of mutually injected THz QCLs.
    • Results indicate that coherent collapse or chaos are not observed within the simulated parameter space.
    • The findings offer theoretical support for designing and optimizing THz QCL phase-locked arrays.