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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Piecewise defined functions are mathematical models where different expressions define a function over distinct intervals of the domain. These functions are useful for representing systems with varying behaviors depending on input values.For example, the function:  uses a linear rule for inputs less than or equal to –1 and a quadratic rule for values greater than –1. Although it has two formulas, it still defines a single function.Another common type is the absolute value...
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
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The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
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Ring artefact reduction via multi-point piecewise linear flat field correction for X-ray computed tomography.

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    This study enhances X-ray computed tomography (XCT) by improving flat field correction to reduce ring artifacts. The new multi-point method boosts signal-to-noise ratio, leading to more accurate non-destructive inspection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Materials Science
    • Physics

    Background:

    • X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is crucial for non-destructive internal structure analysis.
    • Ring artifacts in CT images degrade measurement accuracy.
    • Inadequate flat field correction is identified as a cause of subtle ring artifacts in high-resolution XCT.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address ring artifacts in high-resolution XCT data.
    • To improve the accuracy of CT-based measurements.
    • To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in CT images.

    Main Methods:

    • Replaced standard two-point flat field correction with a multi-point, piecewise linear approach.
    • Applied the proposed correction method to exemplary CT data.
    • Evaluated the impact on signal-to-noise ratio and artifact reduction.

    Main Results:

    • The multi-point flat field correction method effectively reduces ring artifacts.
    • An increase in signal-to-noise ratio by up to 12.1% was achieved.
    • The study recommends using a minimum of seven open field images for optimal flat field correction.

    Conclusions:

    • Multi-point, piecewise linear flat field correction is superior to two-point correction for high-resolution XCT.
    • The proposed method significantly improves CT image quality and measurement reliability.
    • Optimized flat field correction is essential for accurate non-destructive testing using XCT.