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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

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Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
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Potential Energy00:52

Potential Energy

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The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Thiol modified Moringa gum - A potential bioadhesive polymer.

Pankaj Grewal1, Jyoti Mundlia1, Munish Ahuja1

  • 1Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, India.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|February 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Thiolated Moringa gum shows enhanced mucoadhesive properties, improving buccal tablet adhesion and sustained drug release. This modified natural polymer offers potential for advanced drug delivery systems.

Keywords:
Buccal tabletMoringa gumMucoadhesionThiolation

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Moringa gum, a natural polysaccharide, possesses mucoadhesive properties.
  • Enhancing mucoadhesion is crucial for improving drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Thiolation is a chemical modification strategy to improve polymer functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the mucoadhesive potential of Moringa gum through thiolation.
  • To characterize the thiolated Moringa gum and evaluate its mucoadhesive properties.
  • To formulate and assess buccal tablets containing metronidazole using thiolated Moringa gum.

Main Methods:

  • Moringa gum was thiolated via esterification with thioglycolic acid.
  • Characterization involved FT-IR, TGA, DSC, XRD, and SEM-EDX.
  • Mucoadhesion was assessed by detachment force from mucin discs and ex vivo bioadhesion time.
  • In vitro drug release studies were conducted over 24 hours.

Main Results:

  • Thiolation successfully introduced thiol groups (0.956 mM/g) into Moringa gum.
  • Thiolated Moringa gum exhibited significantly enhanced mucoadhesion compared to native gum.
  • Buccal tablets of thiolated Moringa gum showed 1.5-fold higher ex vivo bioadhesion time.
  • Tablets provided sustained release of metronidazole over 24 hours, following first-order kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Thiolation effectively enhances the mucoadhesive potential of Moringa gum.
  • Thiolated Moringa gum is a promising biomaterial for developing mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems.
  • The modified gum facilitates sustained drug release, improving therapeutic outcomes.