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Cardiac Autonomic Function in Adults Born Preterm.

Risto Karvonen1, Marika Sipola2, Antti Kiviniemi3

  • 1Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology (PEDEGO), Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults born preterm, even late preterm, show altered cardiac autonomic function. This may increase their risk for cardiovascular disease later in life.

Keywords:
autonomic controlbirth weightgestational ageheart rate variabilityparasympatheticpremature birthsympathetic

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Preterm birth is associated with long-term health consequences.
  • Cardiac autonomic function plays a crucial role in cardiovascular regulation.
  • Understanding the impact of prematurity on autonomic function is vital for predicting future health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cardiac autonomic function in adults who were born preterm.
  • To assess the association between the degree of prematurity and cardiac autonomic function.
  • To investigate potential links between altered autonomic control and cardiovascular risk in preterm-born adults.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 600 adults (mean age 23.3 years) born preterm (<37 weeks) or at term (≥37 weeks).
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) measurements, including time and frequency domain analyses, were used to assess autonomic function.
  • Linear regression models were employed to analyze the association between prematurity and HRV parameters, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • Adults born early preterm (<34 weeks) exhibited significantly reduced cardiac vagal activity (root mean square of successive differences) compared to controls (P=.04).
  • The early preterm group also showed a trend towards reduced vagal activity and altered sympathetic-baroreflex effects (low frequency power) (P=.08).
  • Late preterm infants (34-36 weeks) demonstrated significantly altered low frequency power, indicating potential autonomic dysregulation (P=.01).

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth, including late preterm birth, is associated with altered cardiac autonomic regulatory control in adulthood.
  • These autonomic alterations may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals born preterm.
  • Further research is warranted to explore interventions aimed at mitigating these long-term cardiovascular risks.