Papillophlebitis as manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa

A 35 year-old-man diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa developed papillophlebitis on his left eye. Throughout the evolution of the disease, he had a macular oedema treated with intravitreal injections of aflibercept, with adequate recovery of visual acuity. He also had episcleritis on the other eye. Papillophlebitis is a non-ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion of inflammatory cause. Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic necrotising vasculitis characterised by lesions of small and medium sized arteries. Ocular involvement occurs in 10-20% of patients, and typically affects the choroidal arteries. Only arteries are usually affected, but in very rare cases adjacent veins may be involved due to the adjacent inflammation.