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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Modeling Persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Wounded Zebrafish Larvae
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Evolutionary highways to persistent bacterial infection.

Jennifer A Bartell1, Lea M Sommer2, Janus A J Haagensen3

  • 1The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. jenbar@biosustain.dtu.dk.

Nature Communications
|February 9, 2019
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Summary

Pseudomonas aeruginosa rapidly adapts to cystic fibrosis lungs within 2-3 years, developing distinct "naïve" and "adapted" states. This study maps bacterial evolution, revealing three adaptive modes driving persistent infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Persistent bacterial infections involve complex adaptation of multiple traits.
  • Understanding bacterial evolution in hosts like cystic fibrosis is crucial for infection management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the evolutionary trajectories of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during early adaptation to the cystic fibrosis host.
  • To identify trait correlations and distinct evolutionary modes leading to persistent infections.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 8 infection-relevant phenotypes from 443 longitudinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates over 10 years.
  • Statistical modeling to analyze evolutionary trajectories and trait correlations, accounting for patient-specific factors.
  • Integration of genetic analyses from 474 isolates to link phenotypic and genetic adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Identified a rapid 2-3 year timeline for bacterial adaptation post-colonization.
  • Revealed distinct "naïve" and "adapted" bacterial states, showing discordance between phenotypic and genetic adaptation.
  • Characterized three distinct evolutionary modes driving persistent infections and identified new phenotype-mutation associations.

Conclusions:

  • Complex bacterial adaptation during persistent infections can be deconvoluted into distinct evolutionary trajectories.
  • Findings offer a framework for evolutionary studies and precision medicine in clinical microbiology for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.