Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein

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Ewa Grudzińska1, Sławomir Grzegorczyn2, Zenon P Czuba1

  • 1School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.

Mediators of Inflammation
|February 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Cytokines and growth factors in chronic venous disease (CVD) blood differ, with higher eotaxin and G-CSF in incompetent great saphenous veins. Oscillatory flow may influence these inflammatory changes in CVD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • The pathogenesis of chronic venous disease (CVD) involves complex inflammatory processes.
  • Oscillatory blood flow in incompetent veins is hypothesized to induce pro-inflammatory changes.
  • The specific roles of cytokines and growth factors in CVD are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the concentrations of specific chemokines and growth factors (GFs) released by lymphocytes in patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence.
  • To compare these concentrations between blood from incompetent GSV and healthy upper limbs.
  • To explore potential correlations between these molecular markers and CVD.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples were collected from the cubital vein and incompetent saphenofemoral junction in 34 CVD patients and from the cubital vein in 12 healthy controls.
  • Lymphocyte cultures were established and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
  • Concentrations of various chemokines (eotaxin, IL-8, MIP-1A/1B, IP-10, MCP-1) and GFs (IL-5, FGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, PDGF-BB, VEGF) were measured using a Bio-Plex assay.

Main Results:

  • Elevated levels of eotaxin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were observed in the incompetent GSV compared to upper limb blood.
  • Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha and 1 beta (MIP-1A/1B) concentrations were higher in the CVD group, while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was lower.
  • Stimulated cultures showed higher G-CSF in incompetent GSV; eotaxin was higher in the CVD group, while IL-5 and MCP-1 were lower.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct concentrations of specific chemokines and GFs are present in the blood of CVD patients.
  • These observed differences suggest a potential role for oscillatory flow in mediating inflammatory changes within incompetent veins.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise role of these cytokines in the pathophysiology of CVD.

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