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Updated: Jan 29, 2026
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Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
Published on: June 18, 2020
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Chronic Hepatitis C with Cyanosis
Mahmood Alawainati1, Jawad Khamis2, Muneer Abdulla2
1Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.
Case Reports in Hepatology
|February 9, 2019
Summary
Early diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is crucial in liver disease patients. This condition, characterized by shortness of breath and cyanosis, requires high suspicion for timely management and liver transplant evaluation.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pulmonology
- Hepatology
Background:
- Dyspnea in liver disease has multiple causes, including pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, hepatic hydrothorax, portopulmonary syndrome, and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS).
- Early diagnosis and management of HPS are critical for improving patient outcomes.
Observation:
- A 65-year-old male with chronic hepatitis C presented with a year of shortness of breath and cyanosis.
- Pulmonary embolism was ruled out through comprehensive investigations.
- Clinical presentation and investigations suggested HPS, confirmed by contrast-enhanced transthoracic echocardiography.
Findings:
- Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a significant complication in patients with liver disease, leading to hypoxemia.
- High clinical suspicion is essential for diagnosing HPS in this patient population.
Implications:
- Screening for HPS is recommended for liver transplant candidates.
- Patients diagnosed with HPS require thorough evaluation for liver transplantation.
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