Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.2K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.5K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

5.1K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
5.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections in children and adolescents: risk factors associated with carbapenem resistance and mortality.

The Journal of hospital infection·2024
Same author

Spin-polarized hot electron transport versus spin pumping mediated by local heating.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2022
Same author

Motion-induced inertial effects and topological phase transitions in skyrmion transport.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2021
Same author

Scattering modes of skyrmions in a bilayer system with ferromagnetic coupling.

Nanotechnology·2020
Same author

Ultrafast domain wall propagation due to the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.

Nanotechnology·2019
Same author

Nonlocal Spin Transport as a Probe of Viscous Magnon Fluids.

Physical review letters·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
08:48

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Published on: September 25, 2020

6.3K

Spin-Wave Amplification and Lasing Driven by Inhomogeneous Spin-Transfer Torques.

R J Doornenbal1, A Roldán-Molina2, A S Nunez3

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters
|February 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Inhomogeneous spin-transfer torques amplify spin waves in metallic ferromagnets. This phenomenon can lead to spontaneous spin wave emission, creating a spin-wave laser for magnonics applications.

More Related Videos

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
08:03

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

2.6K
Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers
08:28

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

Published on: September 4, 2017

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
08:48

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Published on: September 25, 2020

6.3K
Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
08:03

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

2.6K
Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers
08:28

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

Published on: September 4, 2017

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Spintronics
  • Magnonics

Background:

  • Spin waves are fundamental excitations in magnetic materials.
  • Spin-transfer torques are crucial for manipulating magnetization.
  • Magnonics seeks to use spin waves for information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the amplification of spin waves by inhomogeneous spin-transfer torques.
  • To demonstrate the conditions for spontaneous spin wave emission and lasing.
  • To explore the potential of this phenomenon for magnonics devices.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of spin wave propagation in a ferromagnet with inhomogeneous spin-transfer torques.
  • Determination of spin wave scattering amplitudes for a simplified model.
  • Investigation of thermal effects on spin wave amplification.

Main Results:

  • Inhomogeneity in spin-transfer torques strongly amplifies incoming spin waves.
  • At nonzero temperatures, spontaneous emission of spin waves occurs, forming a spin-wave laser.
  • Conditions for amplification and lasing were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Inhomogeneous spin-transfer torques can act as a gain medium for spin waves.
  • The demonstrated spin-wave laser effect has significant implications for magnonics.
  • This research could pave the way for novel spin-wave-based logic and data-processing devices.