Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

42.4K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
42.4K
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

27.0K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
27.0K
Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.5K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.5K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.8K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.8K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

37.2K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
37.2K
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

33.7K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anti-restriction functions of injected phage proteins revealed by peeling back layers of bacterial immunity.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Activation of bacterial programmed cell death by phage inhibitors of host immunity.

Molecular cell·2025
Same author

AAV-mediated genome editing is influenced by the formation of R-loops.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2024
Same author

HLTF resolves G4s and promotes G4-induced replication fork slowing to maintain genome stability.

Molecular cell·2024
Same author

AAV-mediated genome editing is influenced by the formation of R-loops.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Author Correction: R-loop-derived cytoplasmic RNA-DNA hybrids activate an immune response.

Nature·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.8K

R-Loops as Cellular Regulators and Genomic Threats.

Madzia P Crossley1, Michael Bocek1, Karlene A Cimprich1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5441, USA.

Molecular Cell
|February 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

R-loops, RNA-DNA structures, regulate gene expression and DNA repair but can also cause DNA damage. This review covers their roles in cellular processes, disease, and mapping techniques.

More Related Videos

Genome-wide Snapshot of Chromatin Regulators and States in Xenopus Embryos by ChIP-Seq
10:23

Genome-wide Snapshot of Chromatin Regulators and States in Xenopus Embryos by ChIP-Seq

Published on: February 26, 2015

12.9K
Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
08:25

Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults

Published on: October 19, 2014

15.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.8K
Genome-wide Snapshot of Chromatin Regulators and States in Xenopus Embryos by ChIP-Seq
10:23

Genome-wide Snapshot of Chromatin Regulators and States in Xenopus Embryos by ChIP-Seq

Published on: February 26, 2015

12.9K
Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
08:25

Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults

Published on: October 19, 2014

15.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • R-loops are nucleic acid structures formed during transcription where RNA pairs with the template DNA strand.
  • These structures are prevalent across life and can lead to DNA damage in specific cellular contexts.
  • R-loops play a role in regulating essential cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the regulatory roles of R-loops in cellular processes.
  • To highlight the detrimental effects of R-loops, including blocking transcription and replication.
  • To discuss the involvement of R-loops in diseases and compare genome-wide mapping methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on R-loops.
  • Analysis of studies implicating R-loops in gene regulation, DNA repair, and transcription termination.
  • Comparison of next-generation sequencing (NGS) based R-loop mapping techniques.

Main Results:

  • R-loops are implicated as key regulators of transcription termination, gene regulation, and DNA repair.
  • R-loops can impede transcription and replication, activating the DNA damage response.
  • R-loops are associated with diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions:

  • R-loops are crucial for normal cellular functions but can also be detrimental.
  • Understanding R-loop dynamics is vital for comprehending disease pathogenesis.
  • Advancements in NGS technologies enable genome-wide R-loop mapping and analysis.