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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Sorafenib and thyroid cancer.

Chandler Park1, Jessica Perini2,3, Roger W Farmer3,4

  • 1a Section of Hematology/Oncology, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9162, Morgantown, WV26506-9162, USA.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sorafenib, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, offers a new treatment for radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitor significantly improves progression-free survival in DTC patients.

Keywords:
BRAFRAS-RAF-MEK signaling pathwayanaplastic thyroid cancerdifferentiated thyroid cancer including papillary and follicular subtypessorafenibthyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The therapeutic landscape for malignancies, particularly thyroid carcinoma, is being transformed by multi-targeted kinase inhibitors.
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor signal pathway inhibitors represent a key class of these novel agents.
  • Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) that is refractory to radioactive iodine presents a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, in patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
  • To assess the impact of sorafenib on progression-free survival in a large cohort of DTC patients.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale, randomized Phase III clinical trial was conducted.
  • Sorafenib was administered to patients with progressive, radioactive iodine-refractory DTC.
  • Progression-free survival was compared between the sorafenib group and a placebo group.

Main Results:

  • Sorafenib significantly improved progression-free survival compared to placebo (10.8 months vs. 5.8 months).
  • The safety profile of sorafenib was deemed acceptable and manageable.
  • Common side effects, including hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea, and hypertension, were more frequent than in other patient populations.

Conclusions:

  • Sorafenib represents a significant advancement in the treatment of progressive, radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.
  • This agent offers a new therapeutic option, altering the natural history of advanced DTC.
  • The study underscores the importance of targeted therapies in managing challenging oncological conditions.