Vasoplegic syndrome in cardiac surgery: Definitions, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach and management

Vasoplegic syndrome is a state of vasopressor resistant systemic vasodilation in the presence of a normal cardiac output. Its definition, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis and therapeutic approach will be reviewed in this paper. It occurs frequently during cardiac surgery and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A search in the LILACS, MEDLINE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases was conducted to find the most relevant papers during the last 18 years. Prompt identification and diagnosis of patients at risk must be undertaken in order to implement an optimal therapeutic approach. This latter includes early treatment with vasopressors with different mechanisms of action.