Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Even and Odd Signals

Even and Odd Signals

An even signal, whether in continuous-time or discrete-time, is defined by its symmetry with its time-reversed version. Mathematically, this is represented as

Odds Ratio

Odds Ratio

The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used extensively in epidemiology and research to quantify the strength of association between exposure and outcome across different groups. Unlike relative risk, which compares the probabilities of an event occurring, the odds ratio compares the odds of an event occurring in the exposed group to the odds of it occurring in the unexposed group. The odds, in this context, are calculated as the probability of the event happening divided by the...

The Wave Nature of Light

The Wave Nature of Light

The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.

Electron Carriers

Electron Carriers

Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).

Electron Behavior

Electron Behavior

Overview
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

XUV-beamline for photoelectron imaging spectroscopy with shaped pulses.

The Review of scientific instruments·2024

Same author

[Finger injuries with a focus on ligamentous structures].

Der Radiologe·2021

Same author

Deep-sea predator niche segregation revealed by combined cetacean biologging and eDNA analysis of cephalopod prey.

Science advances·2021

Same author

Foot and ankle service adaptation in response to COVID-19 and beyond.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)·2020

Same author

Transcriptome profiling reveals exposure to predicted end-of-century ocean acidification as a stealth stressor for Atlantic cod larvae.

Scientific reports·2019

Same author

Closed disruption of a single flexor digitorum superficialis tendon slip: 3 cases.

Hand surgery & rehabilitation·2019

Same journal

PCSK5 promotes angiogenesis and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.

Nature communications·2026

Same journal

PfApiAT2 is a proline transporter essential for the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by the mosquito vector.

Nature communications·2026

Same journal

Transient distortions of the South Atlantic Anomaly radiation environments driven by electric fields.

Nature communications·2026

Same journal

Structural basis of the regulation by CDK11 kinase of early spliceosome activation and evidence for its proofreading by DHX15 helicase.

Nature communications·2026

Same journal

Structural and mechanistic insights into primer synthesis initiation by DNA primase.

Nature communications·2026

Same journal

Changes in heritability and shared environmentality of educational attainment across twentieth-century Norway.

Nature communications·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Published on: July 2, 2012

Odd electron wave packets from cycloidal ultrashort laser fields.

S Kerbstadt¹, K Eickhoff¹, T Bayer¹

¹Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany.

Nature Communications

|February 10, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate precise control over electron wave packets using tailored laser fields. Quantum interference, not just field symmetry, dictates electron wave packet symmetry.

More Related Videos

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Continuous-wave Thulium Laser for Heating Cultured Cells to Investigate Cellular Thermal Effects

Continuous-wave Thulium Laser for Heating Cultured Cells to Investigate Cellular Thermal Effects

Published on: June 30, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Published on: July 2, 2012

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Continuous-wave Thulium Laser for Heating Cultured Cells to Investigate Cellular Thermal Effects

Continuous-wave Thulium Laser for Heating Cultured Cells to Investigate Cellular Thermal Effects

Published on: June 30, 2017

Area of Science:

Quantum Optics
Attosecond Science
Quantum Control

Background:

Cycloidal polarization femtosecond laser fields enable quantum process control.
Controlling three-dimensional (3D) electron wave packets is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an optical scheme for creating and manipulating 3D free electron wave packets with arbitrary rotational symmetry.
To investigate the interplay between driving field symmetry and electron wave packet symmetry.

Main Methods:

Utilizing advanced supercontinuum pulse shaping.
Employing high-resolution photoelectron tomography.
Generating photoelectrons using carrier-envelope phase-stable polarization-tailored bichromatic (3ω:4ω) laser pulses.

Main Results:

Successfully generated 7-fold rotationally symmetric and asymmetric photoelectron momentum distributions from sodium atoms.
Demonstrated that electron wave packet symmetry is not solely determined by the driving field symmetry.
Showcased multipath quantum interference of states with different angular momenta as the determining factor.

Conclusions:

The presented optical scheme offers precise control over electron wave packet generation.
Multipath quantum interference is the key mechanism governing the symmetry of electron wave packets.
This work advances coherent control of quantum processes using tailored light fields.