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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish
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Manipulation of Developmental Function in Turtles with Notes on Alligators.

Jacqueline E Moustakas-Verho1,2, Rebecca McLennan3, Jennifer Spengler3,4

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Jacqueline.Moustakas@helsinki.fi.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
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PubMed
Summary

This study presents new protocols for reptile embryo research, specifically for turtles. These methods facilitate studies in comparative and evolutionary developmental biology for diverse reptilian species.

Keywords:
AlligatorElectroporationEmbryologyEx ovo cultureIn situ hybridizationMicrocomputed tomographyTurtle

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative and evolutionary developmental biology
  • Herpetology
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Reptiles exhibit significant taxonomic diversity impacting their development.
  • Studying reptile embryos is crucial for understanding evolutionary developmental biology.
  • Turtle embryos present unique challenges due to size, breeding, and gestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide robust protocols for reptile embryo research.
  • To enable advanced studies in comparative and evolutionary developmental biology.
  • To adapt existing methods for reptilian species.

Main Methods:

  • Ex ovo culture techniques for turtle embryos.
  • Electroporation and in situ hybridization protocols.
  • Microcomputed tomography preparation methods.

Main Results:

  • Successfully adapted and optimized protocols for turtle embryos.
  • Demonstrated applicability to ex ovo culture, electroporation, and imaging.
  • Provided notes for alligator embryo applications.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocols are valuable resources for reptile developmental biology.
  • These methods can likely be applied to other reptilian species.
  • Facilitates future research in reptilian evolutionary developmental biology.