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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Thoracic Aorta01:15

Thoracic Aorta

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The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A Tissue Displacement-based Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice
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A Tissue Displacement-based Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice

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Systemic microcirculation dysfunction after low thoracic spinal cord injury in mice.

Xiaochen Yuan1, Qingbin Wu1, Yinshan Tang2

  • 1Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.

Life Sciences
|February 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes widespread microcirculation dysfunction, affecting blood flow and endothelial permeability in multiple organs. This study reveals key changes in circulating cells and cytokines post-SCI, offering insights for therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
CytokinesEndothelial permeabilityMicrovascular blood flowPeripheral bloodSpinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts autonomic function, leading to multi-organ dysfunction.
  • Systemic microcirculation disturbances post-SCI are not fully understood.
  • Understanding these microcirculatory changes is crucial for managing SCI complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate systemic microcirculation dysfunction following spinal cord injury.
  • To evaluate changes in endothelial permeability, blood flow, and vasomotor function in various organs.
  • To assess circulating cell populations and serum cytokines after SCI.

Main Methods:

  • Male mice underwent a modified weight-drop T10 spinal cord injury.
  • Systemic microcirculation was assessed for two weeks post-injury.
  • Measurements included endothelial permeability, microvascular blood flow, vasomotor function, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs), circulating pericyte progenitor cells (CPPCs), and serum cytokines.

Main Results:

  • Increased endothelial permeability was observed in most organs post-SCI.
  • Microvascular blood flow changes (decreased in bladder/kidney, increased in spleen) and endothelial vasomotor dysfunction were noted.
  • SCI elevated CECs, CEPCs, and CPPCs in peripheral blood, alongside altered systemic cytokine profiles (IL-3, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, G-CSF, T-cell secreted cytokine).

Conclusions:

  • Spinal cord injury induces a significant systemic microcirculation disturbance.
  • These findings highlight the role of microcirculatory changes in SCI pathophysiology.
  • Understanding these systemic effects is vital for developing effective SCI therapeutics.