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Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:57

Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: May 12, 2023

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Adjuvant and antigenic properties of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on experimental autoimmune

Davide Cossu1, Kazumasa Yokoyama2, Tamami Sakanishi3

  • 1Juntendo University, Department of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University, Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Neuroimmunology
|February 11, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) acts as an adjuvant, worsening experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. This suggests MAP may exacerbate multiple sclerosis risk in humans.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is linked to Johne's disease in ruminants.
  • MAP is a potential risk factor for human multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The adjuvant properties of MAP in the context of neuroinflammation are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adjuvant effect of MAP on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS.
  • To determine if MAP can enhance the autoimmune response in EAE.

Main Methods:

  • C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide.
  • Immunization was performed using incomplete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or modified CFA containing heat-killed MAP (MIFA).
  • Clinical scores and disease onset were monitored to assess EAE severity.

Main Results:

  • Mice immunized with MOG-MIFA exhibited an earlier onset of EAE compared to MOG-CFA controls.
  • MOG-MIFA immunized mice displayed more severe clinical scores throughout the disease course.
  • These findings demonstrate a significant adjuvant effect of MAP in the EAE model.

Conclusions:

  • Heat-killed Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis acts as an adjuvant in EAE.
  • MAP can exacerbate autoimmune neuroinflammation, supporting its potential role in MS pathogenesis.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MAP's adjuvant activity in EAE.
Keywords:
AdjuvantC57BL/6J miceExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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