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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
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Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Dysrhythmias VII: Nursing Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VII: Nursing Management of Dysrhythmias

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Nursing management of dysrhythmias involves the following:AssessmentSubjective Assessment:The initial step involves gathering patient-reported symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and chest discomfort. It is crucial to collect a detailed history, including previous heart conditions, current medication use, and lifestyle factors like caffeine and alcohol consumption.Objective Assessment:This involves observing clinical signs such as jugular venous distention, cool and pale skin, and...
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Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Murine Fetal Echocardiography
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Fetal dysrhythmias.

Julene S Carvalho1

  • 1Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK; Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK; Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|February 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fetal dysrhythmias, often irregular heart rhythms, require careful assessment. A new flowchart aids in identifying critical cases needing specialist referral for conditions like atrioventricular block.

Keywords:
Atrial ectopic beatsAtrioventricular blockBradycardiaFetusSupraventricularTachycardia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Pediatric Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Fetal dysrhythmias are common, with irregular rhythms often benign but sometimes indicating serious conditions like atrioventricular block.
  • Tachycardias and bradycardias can cause hemodynamic compromise and may necessitate in utero intervention.
  • Understanding the etiology and prognosis of fetal rhythm abnormalities is crucial for appropriate management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a management flowchart for irregular fetal rhythms.
  • To guide the selection of cases requiring urgent specialist referral.
  • To summarize current understanding and treatment of fetal tachycardias and bradycardias.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines for fetal dysrhythmias.
  • Development of a diagnostic and management algorithm for irregular fetal rhythms.
  • Summary of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Irregular rhythms necessitate evaluation to differentiate benign causes from partial atrioventricular block.
  • A flowchart is proposed for initial management and referral decisions.
  • Pharmacological options for fetal tachycardia include digoxin, flecainide, and sotalol, depending on type and hydrops.
  • Complete heart block has no effective treatment, while hydroxychloroquine shows promise for autoimmune causes.
  • Sinus bradycardia may indicate prenatal long-QT syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach is essential for managing fetal dysrhythmias.
  • Early identification and referral are key for conditions with significant prognostic implications.
  • Further research, including ongoing trials, is needed to optimize treatment efficacy.