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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
2.6K
Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods01:08

Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods

605
Renal clearance is a critical parameter encompassing kidney filtration, secretion, and reabsorption processes. It is calculated using a specific equation to determine the rate at which the kidneys clear a drug.
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
605
Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes01:23

Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes

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The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A Functional Whole Blood Assay to Measure Viability of Mycobacteria, using Reporter-Gene Tagged BCG or M.Tb BCG lux/M.Tb lux
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BCG Renal Granuloma.

Jeffrey Marks1, Michael Argyres2, Granville Lloyd2

  • 1University of Colorado School of Medicine Division of Urology, Aurora, CO.

Urology
|February 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A rare BCG granuloma in the kidney was found in a patient treated for urothelial carcinoma. Careful biopsy is key to avoid unnecessary surgery for this uncommon finding during Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Recurrent urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) requires vigilant monitoring.
  • Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is a standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
  • Renal masses can be incidentally discovered during surveillance imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of a renal mass secondary to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) granuloma.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis in patients undergoing BCG therapy.
  • To emphasize the avoidance of unnecessary surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 66-year-old male patient with a history of urothelial CIS.
  • Surveillance computerized tomography (CT) revealed a new renal mass.

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  • Renal mass biopsy was performed for histopathological examination.

    • Main Results:

    • Pathology confirmed the renal mass to be a Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) granuloma.
    • The patient was clinically asymptomatic.
    • No surgical intervention was deemed necessary.

    Conclusions:

    • BCG granuloma is a rare but important consideration in patients with a history of intravesical BCG therapy presenting with renal masses.
    • Judicious use of renal mass biopsy is critical to differentiate benign findings from neoplastic lesions.
    • Accurate diagnosis can prevent unnecessary surgical procedures and associated morbidity.