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Fluoride Level in Drinking Water Sources of Eastern Nepal
Abanish Singh1, Ashish Shrestha1, Tarakant Bhagat1
1Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Surgery, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal.
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council
|February 12, 2019
Summary
Most drinking water in eastern Nepal has insufficient fluoride levels, below World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. This finding is crucial for oral health promotion and preventing dental caries in the region.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Public Health
- Oral Health
Background:
- Fluoride in drinking water is essential for oral health, strengthening dental enamel and reducing cavities.
- Optimal fluoride levels in water are critical for preventing dental caries.
- This study focuses on fluoride levels in drinking water in Nepal's Eastern Development Region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess fluoride concentrations in drinking water sources across Nepal's Eastern Development Region.
- To compare estimated fluoride levels with World Health Organization (WHO) recommended guidelines.
Main Methods:
- Random collection of 165 drinking water samples from municipal, natural, and bottled sources.
- Samples were gathered from populated cities across all districts in the Eastern Development Region.
- Fluoride concentration was determined using the American Public Health Association 4500 F- D method.
Main Results:
- 88.2% of water samples exhibited fluoride concentrations below WHO-recommended optimal levels.
- Median fluoride concentrations varied by source: municipal (0.09 ppm), natural (0.13 ppm), and bottled (0.05 ppm).
- Regional variations were observed, with the Himalayan region showing higher median fluoride (0.17 ppm) than hill (0.10 ppm) and terai (0.07 ppm) regions.
Conclusions:
- The majority of drinking water resources in eastern Nepal contain suboptimal fluoride levels.
- Findings suggest a potential risk for increased dental caries in populations relying on these water sources.
- Public health strategies may be needed to address low fluoride intake for oral health promotion.
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