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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
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Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

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The Collision Theory
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Gait Analysis of Age-dependent Motor Impairments in Mice with Neurodegeneration
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Age-dependent changes in vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.

Masaki Takigawa1,2, Hirofumi Masutomi1, Yoshitomo Shimazaki1,2

  • 1Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.

Journal of Toxicologic Pathology
|February 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Vancomycin (VCM) causes kidney damage, particularly in older individuals. Aged mice showed increased susceptibility to VCM-induced nephrotoxicity, with proximal tubular cells undergoing apoptosis, highlighting a potential model for elderly kidney injury.

Keywords:
agingapoptosiskidneymousenephrotoxicityvancomycin

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) is crucial for treating resistant gram-positive infections.
  • VCM-induced nephrotoxicity is a significant concern, especially in the elderly.
  • The exact mechanisms of VCM nephrotoxicity in aging populations remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of VCM on kidney function and structure across different ages in a mouse model.
  • To elucidate the age-dependent susceptibility to VCM-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • To identify potential cellular mechanisms underlying VCM nephrotoxicity in aged individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Intraperitoneal injection of VCM (400 mg/kg) into mice aged 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months for 3 or 14 days.
  • Assessment of plasma creatinine levels post-VCM administration.
  • Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of kidney tissues, including evaluation of tubular degeneration and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • VCM administration significantly elevated plasma creatinine levels, with a progressive increase observed with aging.
  • Histological examination revealed age-dependent worsening of renal tubular damage, including brush-border atrophy, tubular cell apoptosis/necrosis, and desquamation.
  • Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased proximal tubule damage and apoptosis in aged mice treated with VCM.

Conclusions:

  • Aged mice exhibit heightened susceptibility to VCM-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • Apoptosis of proximal tubular epithelial cells is a key mechanism in VCM-induced kidney damage.
  • This study establishes a valuable mouse model for investigating VCM nephrotoxicity in the elderly.