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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
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Searching for Exoplanets Using a Microresonator Astrocomb.

Myoung-Gyun Suh1, Xu Yi1, Yu-Hung Lai1

  • 1T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Nature Photonics
|February 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate a new microcomb for calibrating astronomical spectrographs. This technology offers high precision for detecting Earth-like exoplanets, making planet hunting more accessible.

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Radial velocity (RV) shifts in host stars are key to detecting orbiting planets and determining their mass.
  • Detecting Earth-like planets in habitable zones requires extreme spectroscopic precision, traditionally achieved with laser frequency combs (LFCs).
  • Conventional LFCs are complex and require filtering for astronomical spectrograph compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first atomic/molecular line-referenced soliton microcomb for astronomical spectrograph calibration.
  • To showcase a compact and filter-free microcomb solution for enhanced exoplanet detection.
  • To enable broader implementation of high-precision spectroscopy in remote and mobile astronomical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a chip-based Kerr soliton microcomb, a type of microresonator device.
  • Integrated atomic/molecular line-referencing for precise calibration.
  • Tested the microcomb's compatibility with astronomical spectrograph resolutions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated an atomic/molecular line-referenced soliton microcomb for astronomical spectrograph calibration.
  • The microcomb eliminates the need for complex filtering steps required by conventional LFCs.
  • The device is compact, occupying only a few cubic centimeters.

Conclusions:

  • Soliton microcombs are ideal for calibrating astronomical spectrographs, offering high precision for exoplanet detection.
  • This technology significantly simplifies LFC systems, paving the way for wider adoption.
  • The compact nature of these devices will expand the reach of advanced spectroscopic capabilities beyond traditional laboratory settings.