Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

10.4K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
10.4K
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

4.9K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
4.9K
Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials01:12

Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials

1.5K
Statistical software is pivotal in data analysis and clinical trials by providing tools to analyze data, draw conclusions, and make predictions. These software packages range from simple data management applications to complex analytical platforms, supporting various statistical tests, models, and simulation techniques. Their significance lies in their ability to handle vast amounts of data with precision and efficiency, enabling researchers to validate hypotheses, identify trends, and make...
1.5K
Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

6.0K
In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
6.0K
Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

404
A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
404
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

4.5K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative effectiveness of torsemide vs furosemide in the management of heart failure patients: win-ratio reanalysis of the TRANSFORM-HF trial.

American heart journal·2026
Same author

Diuretic Resistance Risk and the Efficacy of Torsemide vs Furosemide: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the TRANSFORM-HF Trial.

European journal of heart failure·2026
Same author

Diverse Trial Designs, Populations, and Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review of Trials for the Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks.

Advances in therapy·2026
Same author

Association of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Heart Failure and Major Amputation Rates in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia and Concomitant Heart Failure.

The American journal of cardiology·2026
Same author

Associations between disease factors and clinical outcomes in common variable immunodeficiency: a systematic literature review.

Immunological medicine·2026
Same author

Evaluating the impact of leniolisib treatment on symptoms and health-related quality of life in activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) syndrome.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

2.3K

Death: The Simple Clinical Trial Endpoint.

Eric L Eisenstein1, Kristi Prather1, Stephen J Greene1

  • 1Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
|February 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Identifying patient death in pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) using electronic health records is challenging. This study introduces a novel hybrid approach combining site data, call centers, and National Death Index searches for accurate death verification in the TRANSFORM-HF trial.

Keywords:
clinical trialdeathheart failurenational death index

More Related Videos

Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death
06:26

Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death

Published on: August 2, 2019

8.4K
Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
05:16

Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides

Published on: May 7, 2020

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

2.3K
Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death
06:26

Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death

Published on: August 2, 2019

8.4K
Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
05:16

Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides

Published on: May 7, 2020

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Trials
  • Biomedical Research
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Death is a standard endpoint in clinical trials, but its accurate identification can be complex, especially in pragmatic trials (PCTs).
  • PCTs often rely on electronic health records (EHR) and patient-reported outcomes, which may present challenges in definitive death ascertainment and adjudication.
  • Existing methods for death verification may not be fully optimized for the data sources and operational realities of PCTs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and describe a novel, hybrid approach for death identification and verification in pragmatic clinical trials.
  • To detail the methods used in the ToRsemide compArisoN with furoSemide FOR Management of Heart Failure (TRANSFORM-HF) pragmatic clinical trial for death ascertainment.
  • To establish a robust system for defining and confirming death events within the context of a large-scale PCT.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid death identification and verification strategy was developed for the TRANSFORM-HF pragmatic clinical trial.
  • This approach integrates data from multiple sources: clinical trial sites, a centralized call center, and searches of the National Death Index.
  • Specific protocols outline how potential death events are triggered from each information source and the required data for verification.

Main Results:

  • The study outlines a multi-component system designed to trigger potential death events from clinical sites, call center interactions, and national death records.
  • Detailed requirements for verifying triggered death events are specified, ensuring a rigorous adjudication process.
  • The collective trigger and verification elements establish a clear definition of a death event for the TRANSFORM-HF pragmatic clinical trial.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed hybrid approach offers a comprehensive strategy for accurately identifying and verifying patient deaths in pragmatic clinical trials.
  • This methodology enhances the reliability of death as an endpoint in PCTs, particularly those utilizing electronic health records.
  • The TRANSFORM-HF trial's death ascertainment process serves as a model for improving death identification in future pragmatic clinical research.