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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Latin America
Rogelio Perez-Padilla1, Ana Maria B Menezes2
1Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, MX.
Annals of Global Health
|February 12, 2019
Summary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects 6.2-19.6% of adults in Latin America, with significant underdiagnosis. Key risk factors include smoking and biomass smoke, necessitating improved primary care for diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant public health issue in Latin America.
- Population-based studies like PLATINO and PREPOCOL have assessed COPD prevalence across various cities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the prevalence of COPD in Latin American and Colombian cities.
- To identify risk factors and assess diagnostic and treatment patterns for COPD in the region.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from the PLATINO and PREPOCOL population-based studies.
- Inclusion of individuals aged 40 years and older from multiple urban centers.
Main Results:
- COPD prevalence ranged from 6.2% to 19.6% in adults aged 40+.
- High rates of underdiagnosis (up to 89%) and overdiagnosis were observed, often due to lack of spirometry.
- Tobacco smoking was the primary risk factor, with male gender and age also associated; COPD in never-smokers was linked to tuberculosis or asthma history.
- Biomass smoke exposure was a common risk factor, particularly in Latin America.
Conclusions:
- COPD diagnosis and management in Latin America face challenges including underdiagnosis and variable treatment.
- Tobacco smoking is decreasing, but biomass smoke remains a concern.
- Integrated primary care programs are crucial for improving COPD diagnosis and treatment rates.
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