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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

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Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Distinct Cancer-Promoting Stromal Gene Expression Depending on Lung Function.

Brian J Sandri1, Laia Masvidal2, Carl Murie2

  • 11Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|February 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung cancer risk is linked to distinct molecular changes in lung stromal cells. These pathways differ based on lung function, impacting cancer initiation and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
COPDcancerfibroblastsecretometranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a known risk factor for lung cancer.
  • The molecular mechanisms linking COPD to lung cancer are not fully understood.
  • Lung stromal cells may play a role in oncogenesis through altered gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify molecular mechanisms in lung stroma that promote lung cancer development.
  • To investigate how lung function influences these cancer-promoting mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Multiomics analysis (transcriptome, translatome, proteome) of nonmalignant lung tissue.
  • Comparison of subjects with and without lung cancer across varying lung function levels.
  • In situ examination of stromal fibroblasts for cancer-associated protein expression.

Main Results:

  • Cancer-associated gene expression changes were primarily due to altered mRNA translation efficiency, not mRNA levels.
  • Two distinct stromal gene expression programs were identified, dependent on lung function.
  • In mild obstruction, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was a key driver; in severe obstruction, extracellular matrix pathways were implicated.
  • Stromal fibroblasts expressed specific cancer-associated proteins (IL-6 or BMP1) linked to these programs.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct molecular programs in lung stroma are activated in lung cancer patients, varying with lung function.
  • These findings suggest potential for novel screening strategies and personalized cancer therapies.
  • Understanding these stromal pathways offers insights into COPD-driven lung cancer initiation.