No difference in cognitive performance or gender role behavior between men with and without hypospadias
Anna Strandqvist1, Lisa Örtqvist2, Louise Frisén3
1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Hormones and Behavior
|February 12, 2019
Summary
This study found that hypospadias, a common male genital malformation, is not linked to differences in cognitive abilities or childhood gender role behavior. Further research is recommended for proximal hypospadias cognitive function.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Developmental Biology
- Psychology
Background:
- Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external genitalia.
- Its etiology is multifactorial, involving androgen function during fetal development.
- Previous research on psychosexual development in hypospadias has yielded mixed results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate potential differences in cognitive test performance in men with hypospadias.
- To examine associations between hypospadias and gender role behavior.
- To explore cognitive abilities in relation to hypospadias severity.
Main Methods:
- Eighty-six men with hypospadias were compared to general population male and female controls.
- Cognitive tasks known to reveal sex differences were administered.
- Self-reported childhood gender role behavior was assessed.
Main Results:
- Control groups showed expected sex differences in cognitive performance and gender role behavior.
- No significant cognitive or gender role behavior differences were found between men with and without hypospadias.
- Men with proximal hypospadias showed slightly lower performance on some cognitive tasks compared to distal hypospadias and controls.
Conclusions:
- Hypospadias is generally not associated with altered cognitive performance or gender role behavior.
- Further investigation into cognitive abilities in boys and men with proximal hypospadias is warranted.
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