Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026

The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System EPOCS: A Research Tool and an Emerging Therapy for Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders
Published on: August 25, 2022
Movement Disorders Emergencies
Suraj Rajan1, Bonnie Kaas1, Emile Moukheiber1
1Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract:
Many acute and potentially life-threatening medical conditions have hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement disorders as their hallmark. Here we review the clinical phenomenology, and diagnostic principles of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant catatonia, serotonin syndrome, Parkinsonism hyperpyrexia, acute parkinsonism, acute chorea-ballism, drug-induced dystonia, and status dystonicus. In the absence of definitive lab tests and imaging, only a high index of clinical suspicion, awareness of at-risk populations, and variations in clinical presentation can help with diagnosis. We also discuss the principles of management and rationale behind treatment modalities in the light of more recent evidence.
Related Concept Videos
Emerging Adulthood
Introduction Cardiac Emergencies
Anatomical Movements
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles
Fluid Movement Between Compartments

