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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

6.6K
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

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Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
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Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

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Notch-Hes signaling in pituitary development.

Masato Hojo1, Aya Kita2, Ryoichiro Kageyama3

  • 1a Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. mhojo@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Hes genes are crucial for pituitary development, regulating progenitor cells to control growth and homeostasis. This review details their essential roles in pituitary organogenesis.

Keywords:
Notchintermediate lobepituitary development

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The pituitary gland regulates vital physiological functions including homeostasis, metabolism, reproduction, and growth.
  • Pituitary development (organogenesis) involves progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, but regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Mammalian Hes genes, downstream of Notch signaling, are known to maintain progenitor cell undifferentiation and control cell fate decisions in various organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the essential roles of Hes genes in mammalian pituitary development.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Hes genes regulate pituitary progenitor cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Hes genes and pituitary development.
  • Analysis of the function of Hes genes as Notch effectors in organogenesis.
  • Examination of Hes gene involvement in progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Hes genes play critical roles in pituitary development.
  • Hes genes regulate pituitary progenitor cells, influencing their proliferation and differentiation.
  • These genes are key regulators of pituitary organogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Hes genes are indispensable for proper pituitary development.
  • Understanding Hes gene function provides insights into controlling pituitary progenitor cell behavior.
  • Further research into Hes genes can illuminate mechanisms of endocrine development and disease.