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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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The Nursing Code of Ethics sets the ethical benchmark for the profession, and guides nurses in ethical analysis and decision making at the societal, organizational, and clinical levels. The code encompasses showing compassion and respect for the patient, their families, and communities in all circumstances while committing to providing patient-centered care. In addition, the code states that nurses must advocate for the patient by defending a cause or recommendation to protect their rights,...

Transfer RNA Synthesis

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

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Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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Published on: October 17, 2025

Long Non-Coding RNA and Acute Leukemia.

Gabriela Marisol Cruz-Miranda¹, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda², Diego Alberto Bárcenas-López³

¹Programa de Doctorado, Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. gmcm611@hotmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|February 13, 2019

Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their role in childhood acute leukemia (AL) development and progression. This review explores lncRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AL.

Keywords:

acute leukemia cancer long non-coding RNAs therapeutic targets

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Childhood acute leukemia (AL) is a significant global health concern, particularly in developing nations, with largely unknown etiological factors.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical players in the development and progression of hematological malignancies over the past decade.
Emerging evidence suggests lncRNAs' potential utility as biomarkers for leukemia diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the functional classification and biogenesis of lncRNAs.
To elucidate the role of lncRNAs in leukemogenesis.
To summarize current evidence on lncRNAs implicated in acute leukemia and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating lncRNAs in acute leukemia.
Analysis of functional classification, biogenesis pathways, and roles in leukemogenesis.
Synthesis of evidence regarding lncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic markers.

Main Results:

lncRNAs are involved in various stages of leukemogenesis, influencing cellular processes critical to leukemia development.
Specific lncRNAs have demonstrated potential as biomarkers for acute leukemia diagnosis and prognosis.
lncRNAs represent promising novel targets for developing targeted therapies against acute leukemia.

Conclusions:

lncRNAs play a multifaceted role in the pathophysiology of acute leukemia.
Further research into lncRNAs could lead to improved diagnostic tools and effective therapeutic strategies for childhood leukemia.
Targeting lncRNAs offers a promising avenue for future acute leukemia treatments.