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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Dialysis01:15

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
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Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure01:30

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...
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Molecules and Compounds02:38

Molecules and Compounds

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Atoms and Molecules
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA
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A simple dialysis device for large DNA molecules.

Samuel Jw Krerowicz1,2,3,4,5, Juan P Hernandez-Ortiz4,6,5, David C Schwartz1,2,3,4,5

  • 1Laboratory for Molecular & Computational Genomics, UW Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

Biotechniques
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate membrane device for separating small molecules from large genomic DNA samples. This method effectively retains large DNA fragments, enabling advanced single-molecule imaging applications.

Keywords:
dialysislarge DNApolydimethylsiloxanesmall DNAtrack-etched membranes

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Single-Molecule Dwell-Time Analysis of Restriction Endonuclease-Mediated DNA Cleavage
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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Genomic DNA manipulation requires advanced techniques for handling large DNA molecules with minimal damage.
  • Current methods often struggle with efficient separation of small molecules while preserving DNA integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel membrane device for selective removal of small molecules from genomic DNA samples.
  • To enable the manipulation and analysis of large DNA molecules for downstream applications like single-molecule imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate membrane device.
  • Empirical measurement of dialysis rates (R) for various DNA sizes (M) in kilobases (kb).
  • Analysis of DNA chain characteristics and their relationship to pore size and dialysis behavior.

Main Results:

  • The device effectively removes small molecules while retaining large genomic DNA.
  • Dialysis rates exhibit distinct regimes: R(M) ∼e^(-t/τM) for DNA ≤ 1 kb and R(M) ∼M^(-1.68) for DNA ≥ 1.65 kb.
  • The observed partitioning behavior is dependent on DNA size and chain conformation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed membrane device offers a robust method for purifying large DNA molecules.
  • This technology potentiates advancements in single-molecule imaging and other genomic analyses requiring high-integrity DNA.
  • Understanding DNA dialysis kinetics is crucial for optimizing molecular separation techniques.